Kodak Printer Accessories A 1671 User Manual

A-1671  
Use of KODAK  
Brown Toner to  
Extend the Life  
of Microfilm  
 
The Image Permanence Institute (IPI) at the  
Rochester Institute ofTechnology (RIT) in  
Post-Processing Toning Procedures  
Rochester, New York, extensively researched redox  
blemishes in microfilms.7 IPI’s research showed  
that selenium toning did not effectively stop the  
spread of redox. IPI then looked at a polysulfide  
solution and Kodak BrownToner solution in place of  
selenium. IPI’s testing showed both solutions  
stopped the migration of redox blemishes into the  
roll of microfilm. As a result of brown toning, toned  
microfilm has a higher resistance to the formation  
of redox blemishes. The combined use of brown  
toning and molecular sieves significantly enhances  
film longevity even under adverse conditions.  
For Deep Tank Processors*  
The deep tank processor is set to run at 900F.  
The transport speed is determined based on a  
recommended dwell time of 60 seconds in the  
brown toner solution. Depending on tank size,  
the transport speed varies between processors.  
Mix the Kodak BrownToner solution at a dilution  
of 1:100 (1 part brown toner solution to 100 parts  
water). Brown toning in deep tank processors can  
be performed either in-line (as part of the normal  
microfilm developing process) or off-line (use of  
a dedicated processor that brown tones microfilm  
after it has been processed in a separate  
Based on Eastman Kodak Company and IPI test  
results, KodakBrownTonerhasbeenshownto  
provide additional protection against environmental  
conditions that promote redox blemishes. The  
treatment is effective with freshly processed and  
existing microfilm collections.  
processor). In an Allen F-20 Processor, for  
example, in-line brown toning can be accomplished  
by the following tank setup:  
Tank  
Solution  
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
Developer  
Developer  
Wash  
Fix  
Fix  
Wash  
Brown toner solution  
Brown toner solution  
Wash  
Kodak BrownTonersolutioncanbepurchasedfrom  
Eastman Kodak Company:  
Kodak Catalog Number  
Packaging  
140-0928  
1 gallon container  
Kodak Brown Toner is highly photoactive with  
microfilm chemicals. It is recommended that Kodak  
BrownTonerbehandledinaseparateareafrom  
the handling of microfilm developer and fix.  
Calculate the replenishment rate using the following  
table and formula:  
Health and Safety  
Replenishment (mL/ft) by Film Width  
When a manufacturer has determined a product is  
or contains a hazardous chemical, they are required  
to provide a Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS).  
Kodak provides MSDSs with all photographic  
processing chemicals, even those that are not  
classified as hazardous chemicals. MSDSs are  
available by calling 1-800-242-2424, extension 43.  
You will need to supply Kodak catalog numbers of  
the chemicals for which you need MSDSs. Material  
Safety Data Sheets for the actual working solutions  
and caution labels for the processor tanks are also  
available by calling the same number.  
16 mm  
0.60  
35 mm  
1.20  
105 mm  
3.60  
Replenishment is equal to:  
Processor Transport Speed x Table Value  
Sample calculation for a deep tank processor:  
Film Width:  
Table Value:  
Transport Speed:  
16 mm  
0.60 mL/ft  
90 ft/min  
Replenishment rate is equal to:  
0.60 mL/ft x 90 ft/min = 54 mL/min  
When working with photochemicals, it is  
Off-line brown toning in this Allen F-20 Processor  
can be accomplished by filling any two consecutive  
tanks with Kodak BrownToner at the recommended  
dilution rate and at a temperature of 900F. A wash  
tank is required immediately after the second tank  
of brown toner. Set the transport speed to allow a  
60 second dwell time in the brown toner solution  
and calculate the replenishment rate based on the  
formula described above.  
recommended that MSDSs for all Kodak Products  
be obtained and consulted for information  
pertaining to potential hazards, safe handling  
guidelines, ventilation, and personal protective  
equipment. While photochemical solutions and  
products may contain hazardous ingredients, if the  
information contained on the product label and  
within each MSDS is read, understood, and  
followed, normal use and handling of these  
products should not pose a health risk.  
*These are starting point recommendations.  
Final conditions will vary.  
A-1671 December 2001  
3
 
For Table Top Processors*  
Conclusion  
Mix the brown toner solution at a dilution of  
1:25 (1 part brown toner to 25 parts water).  
The temperature of the brown toner solution  
should be 1000F. If the machine speed varies,  
adjust it to allow for a minimum of 25 seconds  
of dwell time in the brown toner solution.  
KodakBrownToner, usingtheprocedures  
described above, has been shown to meet ANSI  
specifications for satisfactorily toned film as  
described in ANSI/NAPM IT 9.15-1993.5 All films  
toned at the Kodak Disaster Recovery Laboratory  
will be done in accordance with these procedures  
and standards. ANSI/NAPM IT 9.1-1996 (ANSI/ISO  
10602-1995)6 recognizes that microfilms given  
stabilizing treatments as described here are  
expected to achieve their full Life Expectancy (LE)  
of 500 years for polyester-based and 100 years  
for acetate-based films. If you have questions  
about brown toning, please call your local Kodak  
Representative or the Kodak Disaster Recovery  
Laboratory at 1-800-EKC-TEST (1-800-352-8378)  
or 716-253-3907.  
As an example, the tank setup for a Kodak Prostar  
Processor is the following:  
Tank  
Solution  
BrownToner  
BrownToner  
BrownToner  
BrownToner  
Wash  
1
2
3
4
5
6
Wash  
For this particular application, a constant machine  
speed of 10 feet/min yields a dwell time in the  
brown toner solution (all four tanks) of 24-25  
seconds.  
*These are starting point recommendations.  
Final conditions will vary.  
Procedure to Ensure Post-Processing  
Brown Toning  
Toensurethatthebrowntonersolutionhas  
changed the processed silver to silver sulfide,  
follow this procedure.  
After the post-process brown toner treatment has  
been completed, measure the background density  
(or D-max) of an image of a plain white document  
on the microfilm. Bleach a portion of the microfilm  
that contains the filmed white documents with  
dichromate bleach, wash thoroughly, and dry the  
microfilm. Re-measure the background density (or  
D-max) of the white document. If 65% or more of  
the density remains, the brown toning is sufficient.  
This procedure is outlined in ANSI/NAPM IT9.15-  
1993.5  
Dichromate bleach is available by ordering the  
following from Solutek (1-617-445-5335):  
Part Number  
Description  
Quantity  
P/N 413-24  
Microfilm  
4 per case; in  
Bleach and  
Replenisher  
1 gallon bottles  
A-1671 December 2001  
4
 
References  
1. ”Inspection of Processed Photographic Record  
Films for Aging Blemishes,” C.S. McCamy,  
National Bureau of Standards Handbook 96,  
January 24, 1964.  
2. ”Microscopic Spots—A Progress Report,” D.G.  
Wiest and R.W. Henn, National Micro-News, 70,  
249257, June 1964.  
3. ”Microscopic Spots in Processed Microfilm—  
Their Nature and Prevention,” D.G. Wiest and  
R.W. Henn, Photographic Science and  
Engineering, 7 (5), 253-261 (1963) and  
“Micrographic Spots in Processed Microfilm:  
The Effect of Iodide,” R.W. Henn, D.G. Wiest,  
and B.D. Mack, Photographic Science and  
Engineering, 9 (3), 167-173 (1965).  
4. ”The Effects and Prevention of the ‘Vinegar  
Syndrome’.” A. Tulsi Ram, David F. Kopperl,  
Richard C. Sehlin, Stephanie Masaryk-Morris,  
James L. Vincent, and Paige Miller, Journal of  
Imaging Science and Technology, Volume 38,  
Number 3, May/June 1994, pp. 249-261.  
Note: Refer to the latest revision of each ANSI  
or ISO Standard specified.  
5. American National Standard: “Imaging Media  
(Photography)—The Effectiveness of Chemical  
Conversion of Silver Images against Oxidation—  
Methods for Measuring,” ANSI/NAPM IT 9.15-  
1993.  
6. American National Standard: “Imaging  
Materials—Processed Silver-Gelatin Type  
Black-and-White Film—Specifications for  
Stability,” ANSI/NAPM IT 9.1-1996 (same as  
ANSI/ISO 10602-1995).  
7. ”Polysulfide Treatment for Microfilm,” James M.  
Reilly, D.W. Nishimura, K.M. Cuprika and  
P.Z. Adelstein, Journal of Imaging Technology,  
Volume 17, Number 3, June/July 1991,  
pp. 99-107.  
EASTMAN KODAK COMPANY  
Document Imaging  
Rochester, New York 14650  
1-800-243-8811  
KODAK CANADA INC.  
Document Imaging  
Toronto, Ontario M6M 1V3  
1-800-465-6325  
Kodak and Prostar are trademarks  
of Eastman Kodak Company.  
A-1671 CAT 116 5521 12/01 ©Eastman Kodak Company, 2001 Printed in U.S.A.  
 

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